👉 The Graham fluid, named after British chemist James Graham, is a colloidal suspension of sodium chloride (table salt) in water, often used to demonstrate the principles of osmosis and diffusion. It consists of tiny salt particles dispersed in water, creating a clear, colorless solution that behaves similarly to real biological fluids. When placed between two semi-permeable membranes, Graham fluid exhibits osmosis, allowing water to move from an area of lower solute concentration (the fluid side) to higher solute concentration (the membrane side), equalizing concentrations over time. This simple yet powerful demonstration helps illustrate how living organisms manage fluid balance and transport substances across membranes, making it a fundamental concept in understanding biological processes.
