👉 In mathematics, a concavity is a property of a function that describes how its shape changes as it approaches certain points in its domain. It can be defined as either the rate at which the function's value changes with respect to the independent variable or its second derivative. For example, consider the function f(x) = x^2 - 4x + 3, where the domain is all real numbers except for x=2. The concavity of this function can be determined by examining its