👉 Likewise math, also known as structural number theory or arithmetic geometry, is a branch of mathematics that explores the properties and relationships of numbers in a geometric context, often focusing on algebraic curves and their rational points. It extends classical number theory by using tools from algebraic geometry, such as schemes and sheaves, to study arithmetic properties of numbers. For example, the famous Mordell-Weil theorem in this field states that the group of rational points on an elliptic curve over a number field is finitely generated, much like how the integers form a finitely generated abelian group under addition. This connection between number theory and geometry provides powerful insights into the distribution of prime numbers, Diophantine equations, and other fundamental questions in mathematics.