👉 Urban fumes refer to the pollutants and harmful substances released into the air by various sources in densely populated cities, primarily from vehicle emissions, industrial activities, construction sites, and energy production. These pollutants include particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds, which can significantly degrade air quality and pose serious health risks to residents. The concentration of these fumes is often exacerbated by poor ventilation in urban environments and traffic congestion, leading to higher levels of exposure for city dwellers. Addressing urban fumes requires a combination of regulatory measures, technological innovations, and sustainable urban planning to reduce emissions and improve air quality.
