👉 Infection occurs when a pathogen, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, enters the body and begins to multiply, disrupting normal cellular functions and causing disease. This process can happen through various routes, including ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, or vector-borne transmission (e.g., mosquitoes). Once inside, pathogens can invade tissues, evade the immune system, and produce toxins or enzymes that damage host cells. For example, a bacterial infection like strep throat involves bacteria entering the throat and multiplying, leading to inflammation and symptoms. Similarly, viral infections such as influenza involve viruses hijacking host cells to replicate, causing cellular damage and systemic symptoms. The body's immune response, while crucial for fighting off infections, can sometimes contribute to tissue damage, leading to complications like sepsis or organ failure if not properly regulated. Understanding the mechanisms of infection is vital for developing effective treatments and preventive measures.
