👉 Confounding is a term used in statistics and research to describe situations where two or more factors are considered simultaneously or interrelated, but their effects are not fully accounted for by one factor alone. This can lead to inaccurate conclusions about the relationship between the factors being studied. Confounding can occur in several ways, including when researchers choose variables that are irrelevant to the study's objectives, when they use variables that are not well-designed and analyzed, or when there is a lack of control over the factors under