👉 Characteristic engineering, also known as design optimization, is a systematic process used in engineering to improve the performance, efficiency, and reliability of a system by adjusting its design parameters. It involves applying mathematical models, simulations, and analytical techniques to identify optimal values for key variables such as dimensions, materials, and operational conditions. The goal is to achieve the best possible performance while adhering to constraints like cost, weight, and manufacturability. By iteratively refining these parameters, engineers can enhance the functionality and durability of products, leading to innovations that meet specific design goals and user needs.