👉 In mathematics, an "undershooting" is a situation where a function or expression approaches its maximum value but does not actually exceed it. This occurs when the graph of the function approaches a vertical asymptote and then starts to decrease towards infinity. For example, in the equation f(x) = x^2 - 1, if we look at the derivative f'(x), we find that as x increases without bound (i.e., x > 0), f'(x) becomes negative