👉 In mathematics, a kappa is a measure of size or scale. It is often used in statistics to describe how much something varies from other items or values. For example, if we have two data sets with different scales (for example, height and weight), we might define the kappa as the ratio of their standard deviations. The kappa is calculated by dividing the variance between each pair of observations by the mean of those pairs, then multiplying that value by 100 to get a percentage. The
