👉 In physics and electronics, a "poleless" system refers to a circuit that is not connected to any external sources of voltage or current. This means that there are no electrical components (such as resistors, capacitors) in the circuit to which it is connected. A simple example would be a vacuum tube, where only the semiconductor diodes and cathode are used as the source of voltage and current, respectively. In this case, the term "poleless" refers to the fact