👉 Naturalism is a philosophical and literary movement that emphasizes the value of human beings as objects, not as creatures in their own right. It supports the idea that humans are fundamentally different from animals, and that they have agency, freedom, and consciousness. Non-naturalism, on the other hand, challenges this view by suggesting that humans are merely tools for nature to use, and that our existence is a product of evolution rather than free will or agency. Non-naturalism often involves a critique of