👉 In biology, a homologous pair of genes is a genetic family that has the same set of genes but are located on different chromosomes. In other words, they have identical copies of each gene and share all the genes in common with their nearest homologous pair (i.e., a gene that shares the same set of genes with another gene). Homologous pairs are important because they allow for genetic diversity within species, which can lead to advantageous traits.