👉 The Doe Math, or Doob's Martingale Convergence Theorem, is a fundamental result in stochastic processes that describes the behavior of martingales. It states that under certain conditions, a martingale (a sequence of random variables where the expected value at any time is equal to its expected value at any previous time) will converge almost surely to a finite limit as time progresses. Specifically, if a martingale is bounded in L^1 (i.e., its expected absolute value grows at most polynomially), then it converges to a constant almost surely. This theorem is crucial in probability theory and financial mathematics, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding long-term behavior of random processes.