👉 Mathematics is the systematic study of quantities, structures, and changes, evolving from ancient civilizations' need to count and measure to a highly abstract and theoretical discipline. Its development began with practical applications like geometry for architecture and trade, progressing to algebra through the abstraction of symbols representing unknowns, and expanding into calculus with Newton and Leibniz's innovations for modeling motion and change. Over time, mathematics branched into diverse fields—discrete (combinatorics, number theory), analysis (real and complex numbers), topology (spaces and shapes), and probability (uncertainty). This evolution reflects both human curiosity and the need to solve increasingly complex problems, transforming from concrete tools into a universal language for reasoning about the world.
