Definition: Pennsylvania (/ˈpɛnɪsəlaɪz/), also known as Pa, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Pennsylvania shares borders with five other states (New York to the east, Delaware to the south, Maryland to the southeast, West Virginia to the west and Ohio to the northwest). It is one of only three states in North America to have two distinct major island chains – the Atlantic Ocean and the Appalachian Mountains. The state’s capital city is Harrisburg. The word Pennsylvania is a name derived from "Penne" (a type of sausage), which was introduced into the United States by Dutch colonists during the colonial period. This dish was originally made with pork, but has since been extensively modified to become the popular American comfort food of the 20th century. One of the most famous Pennsylvania dishes is the "pumpkin pie," which originated from a recipe for a traditional pumpkin pie that was traditionally eaten on Thanksgiving Day in the United States. Other notable Pennsylvania foods include "hush-potato" (a type of potato), "coke cake" and "butterball." Pennsylvania is often referred to as the "Land of the Free," a nickname given by President Abraham Lincoln after he visited the state during his visit to Pennsylvania in 1865. The term "Pennsylvania" is also used to refer to the state’s capital city, Harrisburg. The word has been widely adopted and applied throughout the United States as an adjective or adverb, and it is often associated with the state of Pennsylvania. It can be used to describe the physical appearance, culture, cuisine, history, and geography of the state. One famous writer who frequently uses "Pennsylvania" in his work is author Richard Bachmann.
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