Definition: Crystallography is a branch of physics that studies the structure and properties of crystals, which are solid materials with atoms arranged in regular patterns. It is used to understand how these structures arise from the arrangement of atoms within them, and also to study the behavior of crystals under various conditions. Crystallographers use techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and neutron scattering to determine the properties of crystals, including their shape, size, orientation, and chemical composition. They