Definition: The word "adenyl" comes from the Greek words "adenys", meaning a small round stone, and "lyon," referring to the plant's seeds. It has several meanings: - Adenyl: A compound found in many plants, primarily in the stem cells of flowering plants like tomatoes. In this case, it is an ester formed by the action of an enzyme called ribulose bisphosphate carboxykinase (RibBPK) on 2,4-diaminopropionic acid (DAP). DAP is a small molecule that is produced as part of photosynthesis. - Adenylase: An enzyme involved in the breakdown of DAP. It catalyzes the reaction between DAP and ribulose bisphosphate, releasing ATP and nitrogen dioxide gas into the atmosphere. - Adenosine: Another term for DAP, which is a type of molecule used as a chemical component of photosynthesis. In summary, "adenyl" refers to the enzyme that breaks down DAP produced by plants during photosynthesis. It's often referred to as an ester because it has the terminal -OH group.

adenyl

Definition: Adenylic is an organic compound that is commonly found in nature, particularly in plants. It can be synthesized from a variety of chemical reactions or formed as part of the synthesis of other compounds. The term "adenylic" was first used in the 19th century by German chemist Walter Schleiden and Wilhelm Leavitt in their study of the chemistry of organic compounds. The word originally referred to a type of diol, which is a chemical compound that contains two carbon atoms with one oxygen atom bonded to each carbon atom. Adenylic compounds are formed through a series of reactions between different types of amino acids (such as histidine and cysteine). During these reactions, the oxygen from each molecule of amino acid is converted into an energy-rich form called adenosine, which can then be used in further chemical reactions. Some examples of adenylated amino acids include histamine (a compound found in eicosapentaenoic acid), aspartate (an amino acid with four carbon atoms), and the amino acid glycine. Adenylic compounds have a wide range of properties, including their ability to undergo a series of physical and chemical changes. They are also known for having high reactivity with other molecules and can form complex diastereomeric complexes that display different properties depending on the orientation of the molecule's bond axes. The definition of "adenylic" is broad, covering many aspects of its structure and properties, from the reactions it catalyzes to the various ways it can be used in medicine and industry.

adenylic

Definition: Adenylpyrophosphate (AP) or pyrophosphate (Pp) is a small molecule, found in cell membranes. It forms part of a complex chemical structure known as phosphodiester bond with its ligand (adenine-5'-phosphate). This molecule has been the subject of much speculation and debate over the last few decades. 1.

Adenylpyrophosphate

: Ap is the most abundant phospholipid in cell membranes, accounting for about 20% of total lipid content, including phosphoproteins. It forms a complex with its ligand (adenine-5'-phosphate) through a phosphodiester bond. 2.

Pyrophosphate

: Pp is also an essential component of membrane phospholipids. It exists as a single molecule or in smaller complexes and is associated with the formation of phosphoproteins. 3.

Phosphodiester bond

: This is the primary chemical link between the two molecules: adenylpyrophosphate (Ap) and pyrophosphate (Pp). The bond is formed by a transition state where phospholipids exchange electrons, resulting in an electronic shift or protonation of the phosphate group. 4.

Phosphatase activity

: Phosphatases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of phosphates to phosphodiester bonds. This enzyme is found on the cell membrane and is essential for maintaining structural integrity of membranes. In summary, adenylpyrophosphate (AP) or pyrophosphate is a small molecule found in cell membranes, which forms part of a complex chemical structure with its ligand (adenine-5'-phosphate). This molecule has been the subject of much speculation and debate over the last few decades. It forms through a phosphodiester bond between adenylpyrophosphate and pyrophosphate. Phosphatases are enzymes involved in this process, which is essential for maintaining the integrity of cell membranes.

adenylpyrophosphate

Definition: The word "adenyls" is a chemical compound used in various biological processes, primarily to stabilize RNA structures during translation initiation. It consists of a nitrogen atom (N) with a proton on one side and an adenine (A) on the other side. The term "adenyl" comes from the name of the amino acid that it contains, which is an amine called adenosine. The definition of "adenyls" as a chemical compound involves its structure and function. It is known for being a crucial part of DNA, where it stabilizes RNA structures during translation initiation by providing a proton to stabilize the adenine in the RNA chain, thereby maintaining correct folding and stability throughout the process. In general, an adenyl (adenosine) is used as a nucleotide that carries protons across the ribosome. It plays a crucial role in various biological processes such as protein synthesis, DNA repair, and signal transduction. In summary, "adenyls" are a type of chemical compound that stabilizes RNA structures during translation initiation, specifically during DNA replication, using its nitrogen atom (N) with an adenine (A) on one side to provide a proton.

adenyls