Definition: Actinomycin, a type of antibiotic, belongs to a class of drugs called alkylating agents that are used in cancer treatment for various types of cancer such as sarcoma, lung, colon, cervix, liver, breast and prostate. It is classified into alkylating agent category I (AIC-1) and alkylating agent category II (AIC-2) which were defined by WHO (World Health Organization). It belongs to the class of drugs that are used for treating cancer cells through inhibition of DNA synthesis. In this way, it inhibits the formation of DNA molecules in the nucleus of a cell. Actinomycin is classified into alkylating agent category I and AIC-2 because the activity of actinomycin involves direct binding to DNA and RNA which are involved in the regulation of gene expression in cells. The definition also includes that it inhibits the replication of DNA. This means that actinomycin blocks the normal growth of DNA. The effects can be seen with increased cell division, leading to an increase in tumor growth and spread.
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