Definition: Abdication refers to a formal surrender or submission of power, responsibility, or authority by a person in office, government, or political leadership. It usually occurs when an elected president, prime minister, prime ministerial candidate, military leader, or any other appointee has resigned from their post due to personal health issues, incapacity, or unexpected circumstances. Definition: The act of surrendering power, responsibilities, or authority, usually by a person in office, government, or political leadership.