👉 Perturbation is a phenomenon that modifies or alters a system's behavior, typically causing it to deviate from its intended state. This can be due to external factors such as changes in temperature, humidity, or other environmental conditions; or internal factors such as changes in material properties, chemical reactions, or biological processes. In the context of physics and engineering, perturbation is often used to describe changes that occur within a system without affecting its overall stability or performance. Perturbations can be categorized into
