👉 A mastectomy is a surgical procedure in which a woman's breast is removed to prevent further development of breast cancer. Mastectomies are often recommended for women who have been diagnosed with breast cancer or whose risk factors for breast cancer increase (such as family history, higher body mass index, and obesity). The goal of a mastectomy is to reduce the risk of recurrence of breast cancer by removing any remaining tissue in the breast that may be causing the disease.