👉 Engineering, as a discipline, emerged in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, marking a significant shift from traditional craftsmanship to systematic, scientific approaches in design and construction. This period saw the rise of the Industrial Revolution, which necessitated a more structured and analytical approach to creating complex machinery and infrastructure. Pioneers like James Watt, who improved the steam engine, and Joseph-Louis Lagrange, who contributed to the mathematical foundations of mechanics, laid the groundwork for modern engineering. Engineering evolved from a blend of art and science, incorporating principles from physics, mathematics, and materials science to solve practical problems and innovate technologies. Today, engineering encompasses a vast array of fields, including civil, mechanical, electrical, chemical, and software engineering, all aimed at designing, building, and maintaining systems that improve human life and solve global challenges.