👉 Infection, a critical aspect of microbiology and immunology, occurs when pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites invade and multiply within a host's body, disrupting normal cellular functions and causing disease. This process begins when these microorganisms breach the body's defenses, often through breaches in physical barriers like skin or mucous membranes. Once inside, they can evade or manipulate the immune system, leading to inflammation, tissue damage, and systemic effects. The body's response to infection involves both innate and adaptive immunity, with white blood cells attacking the invaders and antibodies neutralizing pathogens. However, if the pathogen is highly virulent or the host's defenses are compromised, the infection can lead to severe illness or even death, highlighting the delicate balance between microbial invasion and host resilience.
