👉 Viking mathematics, while not as developed as that of ancient Greece or the Islamic world, still reveals unique insights into practical problem-solving. Vikings primarily used a system based on the abacus and counting rods, often made of wood or bone, to perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They were adept at mental calculations, especially for trade and navigation, which required quick estimations and approximations. Their number system was based on the base-10 but with a few unique symbols for zero and negative numbers, though these were not as standardized or widely used as in other cultures. Viking mathematicians also excelled in geometry, particularly in solving practical problems related to land division and construction, often using simple geometric shapes and principles to ensure accuracy in their work.
