👉 Victorian mathematics, spanning the late 19th century, was characterized by a rigorous and formal approach, heavily influenced by the works of mathematicians like George Boole, Augustus De Morgan, and William Rowan Hamilton. This period saw significant advancements in abstract algebra, particularly with the development of group theory by Arthur Cayley and others, and a deepening of understanding in number theory, including the study of algebraic numbers and the foundations of arithmetic. The Victorian era also witnessed the formalization of mathematical logic, with contributions from Bertrand Russell and Gottlob Frege, laying the groundwork for modern mathematical logic. Additionally, there was a strong emphasis on rigorous proofs and the axiomatization of mathematical systems, moving away from the more intuitive and often less precise methods of earlier periods. This era's emphasis on precision and logical structure profoundly influenced the direction of mathematics, shaping its development into a more systematic and theoretical discipline.
