👉 Vertical infection, also known as vertical transmission, refers to the passage of a pathogen from an infected mother to her offspring, typically during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. This can occur through various mechanisms, including transplacental transfer, where the pathogen crosses the placenta and infects the developing fetus; during delivery, when the infant comes into contact with maternal bodily fluids; or through breastfeeding if the mother is infected with a pathogen like HIV or hepatitis B. Vertical transmission can lead to congenital infections, which may result in severe health issues, developmental abnormalities, or even death in the newborn. Preventive measures, such as prenatal care, safe delivery practices, and postnatal interventions, are crucial to reduce the risk of vertical transmission and protect both mother and child.
