👉 Verified computing refers to the use of cryptographic techniques, particularly public key infrastructure (PKI), to ensure the authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality of computing processes and data. It involves the use of digital certificates issued by trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs) to verify the identity of entities involved in a computing transaction, such as servers, applications, or users. This process ensures that data exchanged between parties is secure and originates from legitimate sources, mitigating risks like man-in-the-middle attacks, data tampering, and impersonation. Verified computing is fundamental in secure communications, digital signatures, code signing, and secure transactions over the internet, providing a robust framework for trust in digital environments.