👉 Upset math refers to a situation where the expected outcome or prediction, based on probability theory and statistical analysis, contradicts the actual observed result. This often happens when there are unforeseen variables or complexities that weren't accounted for in the initial model. For example, in a coin toss, the expected probability of heads is 50%, but if the coin shows up more frequently at 60% heads, it appears "upset" because the observed frequency deviates significantly from the expected value. This discrepancy can arise due to factors like biased coin flips, measurement errors, or external influences not initially considered.
