👉 Twice-infection occurs when an individual is simultaneously infected by two different pathogens, often leading to more severe disease outcomes than a single infection. This phenomenon can result from various mechanisms, such as co-infection with the same pathogen at the same time or sequential infections where one pathogen weakens the host's defenses, making it easier for another to take hold. For example, individuals with HIV are particularly susceptible to secondary infections like opportunistic viruses and bacteria because their compromised immune systems struggle to fend off additional invaders. Similarly, in agricultural settings, crops can be infected by multiple pathogens, exacerbating yield losses and complicating management strategies. Twice-infection highlights the complexity of disease dynamics and underscores the importance of comprehensive prevention and treatment approaches.
