👉 Infection, in the context of microbiology, refers to the process by which a pathogen, such as a bacterium, virus, fungus, or parasite, enters and establishes itself within a host organism, leading to disease. Unlike infection, which is the state of being infected, infection is the active process where the pathogen invades tissues, evades the immune system, and begins to multiply or cause damage. This can occur through various routes, including inhalation, ingestion, direct contact, or vector-borne transmission. The true nature of infection lies in its ability to disrupt normal physiological functions, often triggering an immune response that can either eliminate the pathogen or lead to inflammation, tissue damage, and disease symptoms. Understanding infection is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventive measures against infectious diseases.