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Taxation involves calculating the amount of tax owed based on income or other taxable events. For income tax, tax rates are typically progressive, meaning higher income brackets are taxed at higher rates. The formula often used is: Tax = (Income
Tax Rate). For example, if you earn $50,000 annually and the tax rate is 25%, your tax would be $12,500 (50,000
0.25). Deductions and credits can reduce taxable income or tax liability, altering the final amount owed. State taxes may apply separately, often at rates similar to federal taxes but potentially with different rules and thresholds. Understanding these calculations helps in planning finances and ensuring compliance with tax laws.