👉 Infections are complex biological events initiated when pathogens—such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites—enter a host and begin to multiply, often disrupting normal cellular functions. The process typically starts with the pathogen's entry into the body through various routes like ingestion, inhalation, or direct contact. Once inside, pathogens can adhere to host cells, invade tissues, and evade or manipulate the host's immune response. This interaction leads to the production of toxins or other virulence factors that can cause damage to host cells and tissues. The immune system responds by mounting an attack, involving the activation of white blood cells and the release of inflammatory mediators. However, if the infection persists, it can result in chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and potentially severe diseases. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventive measures against infections.
