👉 Present mathematics, often referred to as modern or contemporary mathematics, encompasses a broad range of developments that have emerged since the 20th century, focusing on abstract structures and their applications. It heavily relies on advanced algebra, analysis, geometry, topology, and number theory, integrating tools from computer science, physics, and other fields. Key areas include algebraic geometry, differential geometry, category theory, and non-commutative geometry, which explore deep connections between algebraic structures and geometric spaces. This field emphasizes rigorous abstraction, emphasizing the study of mathematical objects and their relationships rather than their specific representations. It also has significant practical applications, particularly in cryptography, data analysis, and theoretical physics, driving innovation and expanding our understanding of complex systems.