👉 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a statistical technique used for dimensionality reduction, transforming high-dimensional data into a lower-dimensional space while retaining most of the original variance. It works by identifying the principal components, which are new orthogonal axes (directions) that capture the maximum variance in the data. These components are linear combinations of the original variables and are ordered by the amount of variance they explain. By projecting the data onto these principal components, PCA simplifies complex datasets, making them easier to visualize, analyze, and model, while reducing noise and redundancy. This method is widely applied in fields like image processing, genomics, and finance to extract meaningful patterns and reduce computational complexity.
