👉 Pharmaceutical research is a multidisciplinary field that involves the discovery, development, and optimization of new drugs to treat or prevent diseases. It begins with identifying biological targets—such as proteins or genes—that play key roles in disease processes. Scientists use techniques like genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics to understand these targets and their interactions. Once a target is validated, researchers develop lead compounds through high-throughput screening and medicinal chemistry, testing thousands of molecules for efficacy and safety. Preclinical studies in vitro (cell cultures) and in vivo (animal models) assess these compounds' potential, while clinical trials in humans—phases I to IV—evaluate safety, dosage, and effectiveness. Regulatory agencies review data to approve drugs for market, balancing innovation with patient safety. Advances in personalized medicine and biotechnology, such as CRISPR and AI-driven drug discovery, are accelerating this process, aiming to create more targeted, effective therapies with fewer side effects.