👉 Overhead math refers to the additional computational cost incurred when performing operations or transformations that are not strictly necessary for the final result but are included in intermediate steps to simplify the process or facilitate easier computation. For example, when computing a complex function that involves multiple layers of operations, such as matrix multiplication or series expansion, each step might introduce additional calculations that are not needed for the final answer. This extra work can significantly increase the time and resources required, especially in high-dimensional or iterative processes. While overhead math can make algorithms more complex and harder to optimize, it sometimes provides a more straightforward path to the solution or ensures numerical stability in certain computations.