👉 Optical math, also known as geometric optics, is a branch of physics that uses mathematical models to describe the behavior of light as it interacts with various optical elements like lenses, mirrors, and prisms. It relies on principles such as the laws of reflection and refraction to predict how light rays propagate, bend, and converge. Key concepts include the use of paraxial approximations to simplify calculations, where light rays are assumed to make small angles with the optical axis, allowing for linear approximations of ray paths. The paraxial approximation simplifies complex wavefront calculations, making it easier to analyze systems like lenses and optical fibers. Additionally, the Fresnel equations are used to calculate the reflection and transmission coefficients at interfaces between different media, accounting for polarization effects. These mathematical tools enable precise predictions of image formation, focusing, and beam propagation in optical systems, crucial for designing lenses, cameras, telescopes, and other optical devices.
