👉 Mathematical operations are the fundamental actions used to manipulate numbers and expressions, forming the basis of arithmetic and algebra. Addition combines quantities by summing them, multiplication is repeated addition, exponentiation represents repeated multiplication, subtraction involves finding the difference between two numbers, and division is the inverse of multiplication, determining how many times one number fits into another. These operations follow specific rules and properties, such as commutativity (order doesn't change the result, e.g., a + b = b + a) and associativity (the grouping of numbers doesn't affect the outcome, e.g., (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)), which ensure consistency and reliability in mathematical computations. Understanding these operations is crucial for solving equations, modeling real-world scenarios, and advancing in more complex mathematical concepts.