👉 Old mathematics, often referred to as classical or ancient mathematics, encompasses the foundational principles and methods developed by early civilizations such as the Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Indians. These mathematicians laid the groundwork for modern mathematics by introducing concepts like numbers, geometry, algebra, and arithmetic. For instance, the Babylonians used a base-60 numerical system for calculations, while the Egyptians employed geometric methods to solve practical problems like calculating areas and volumes. Greek mathematicians like Euclid formalized geometry with axiomatic proofs, and Indian mathematicians made significant advancements in algebra and the concept of zero. These early contributions provided the essential building blocks for the mathematical theories and practices we use today, emphasizing logical reasoning, problem-solving, and the pursuit of universal truths.
