👉 Infection, in medical and biological contexts, refers to the process by which pathogens—such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites—enter a host organism and multiply, causing disease. The infection cycle typically involves attachment to host cells, invasion, replication, and dissemination. For an infection to occur, the pathogen must breach the host's physical barriers (like the skin or mucous membranes), evade or manipulate the immune system, and establish itself within the host's tissues or fluids. This can lead to symptoms ranging from mild irritation to severe illness or death, depending on the pathogen's virulence and the host's immune response. Effective infection control measures, including hygiene practices, vaccines, and antimicrobial treatments, are crucial in preventing and managing infections.
