👉 Microwave math revolves around the interaction of electromagnetic waves with matter, particularly focusing on the dielectric properties of materials. When microwaves (electromagnetic radiation at frequencies between about 300 MHz and 300 GHz) interact with a dielectric medium, they induce oscillations in the polarized molecules within the material. The key equations involve Maxwell's equations, which describe how electric and magnetic fields propagate and interact, and the constitutive relations that link the electric displacement field (D) to the electric field (E) and the magnetic flux density (B). The dielectric constant (ε) and loss factor (tan δ) are crucial parameters that quantify how a material responds to microwave radiation. The energy absorbed by the material is given by the product of the electric field strength (E), the dielectric loss tangent (tan δ), and the time the field is applied, leading to heating effects. Understanding these principles allows engineers to design microwave devices like ovens, radar systems, and wireless communication equipment.
