👉 Computing, at its core, revolves around the manipulation of binary data—sequences of 0s and 1s—that represent information. Central to this process are the fundamental operations of logic gates, which perform basic computational tasks like AND, OR, and NOT, forming the building blocks of digital circuits. These gates process binary inputs to produce binary outputs, enabling complex computations through the sequential application of logical operations. Data is stored and retrieved using memory cells, typically implemented as flip-flops in digital systems, which store bits of information. Arithmetic and logical operations are executed using processors, often based on the von Neumann architecture, where instructions and data share the same memory space. This architecture allows for the execution of instructions by fetching them from memory, decoding them, executing the operations on data stored in registers or memory, and writing results back. The entire process is orchestrated by the Central Processing Unit (CPU), which manages data flow and control signals, ensuring efficient and accurate computation. Advanced computing also involves parallel processing, where multiple operations occur simultaneously across different parts of a system, significantly enhancing performance for complex tasks.
