👉 Mainland engineering, also known as continental or terrestrial engineering, encompasses the application of engineering principles and practices on land-based structures and systems, excluding marine or offshore environments. This field includes civil engineering, which deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure such as roads, bridges, buildings, and dams on dry land; mechanical engineering, which focuses on the design and development of machines, systems, and processes for various applications; electrical engineering, which involves the creation and management of electrical systems and devices; and environmental engineering, which addresses the impact of human activities on natural environments and seeks solutions for pollution control and resource management. Mainland engineering is crucial for the development of infrastructure, urban planning, and sustainable development on dry land, addressing challenges related to population growth, resource utilization, and environmental conservation.
