👉 Mail math, or modular arithmetic, is a system of arithmetic that "wraps around" after reaching a certain value, called the modulus. In this system, numbers are treated as if they cycle through a fixed set of integers, typically from 0 to modulus -1. For example, in modulo 5 math, 3 + 4 = 2 because 3 + 4 leaves a remainder of 2 when divided by 5. This means that after reaching the modulus, numbers wrap around; 2 + 3 = 0 (or 5 in some contexts). Mail math is fundamental in cryptography, computer science, and number theory, as it simplifies calculations with large numbers and provides a robust framework for operations like encryption and decryption, where results are often needed within a specific range.
