👉 Lock research, often associated with the Lock and Key model of enzyme-substrate interactions, explores how enzymes achieve high specificity and efficiency in catalyzing biochemical reactions. This model posits that enzymes have specific active sites that are complementary in shape to their substrates, much like a lock and its key. When a substrate binds to the enzyme's active site, it forms an enzyme-substrate complex, which then facilitates the conversion of the substrate into products. Recent advancements in lock research include the discovery of induced fit, where the active site undergoes conformational changes upon substrate binding to better fit the substrate, enhancing catalytic efficiency and specificity. Additionally, studies have delved into the role of water molecules and other non-catalytic residues in stabilizing the enzyme-substrate complex, providing a more nuanced understanding of how enzymes function at the molecular level.