👉 Lime fumes, also known as calcium oxide (CaO) dust or calcium hydroxide vapor, are a hazardous byproduct of calcining limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO₃). When limestone is heated to high temperatures—typically above 900°C in industrial processes like cement production—the calcium reacts with oxygen, releasing lime fumes. These fumes contain calcium oxide and other compounds, including trace amounts of sulfur dioxide if the limestone contains sulfur impurities. Inhaling lime fumes can cause respiratory irritation, coughing, and shortness of breath, while prolonged exposure may lead to more severe health issues, such as lung damage or chemical pneumonitis. Proper ventilation and protective equipment are essential in environments where lime is processed.
