👉 Lewis structures, also known as Lewis diagrams or electron dot structures, are graphical representations of molecules that illustrate the distribution of valence electrons around atoms. Each atom is depicted with its valence electrons represented by dots or spheres, while lone pairs of electrons are shown as additional dots. The goal is to achieve an octet (for most elements) or a duet (for hydrogen and helium) by forming covalent bonds between atoms, which share electrons to satisfy their electron configurations. These structures help visualize molecular geometry and bonding patterns, providing insights into molecular stability and reactivity. They are particularly useful for understanding simple molecules like water (H₂O) or methane (CH₄), but can also be applied to more complex structures with multiple bonds and lone pairs.
