👉 The term "Lebanon fumes" refers to the persistent air pollution and toxic emissions that have plagued Beirut, Lebanon's capital, particularly since the 1975-1990 civil war and more recently, especially after the 2019 economic crisis. These pollutants primarily consist of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds, largely originating from the burning of fuel in vehicles, industrial facilities, and waste incineration. The city's geographical location, surrounded by mountains that trap pollutants, exacerbates the issue, leading to severe health problems for residents and significant environmental degradation. This persistent pollution has become a symbol of Lebanon's broader socio-economic challenges and governance issues.
