👉 Late engineering, often referred to as the "late" or "postmodern" phase of engineering, emerged in the latter half of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, marking a significant shift from traditional engineering practices. This period saw a move away from the rigid, deterministic approaches of earlier engineering eras towards more flexible, adaptive, and interdisciplinary methodologies. Engineers began to incorporate insights from fields like systems theory, complexity science, and sustainability, emphasizing the importance of human factors, environmental impact, and societal needs in design processes. The late engineering era also witnessed the rise of digital technologies, advanced materials, and computational tools, which enabled more sophisticated modeling, simulation, and optimization. This shift aimed to create more resilient, efficient, and innovative solutions that could better address the complex challenges of modern society.
