👉 The "Irish Fumes" refer to a long-standing environmental and health issue affecting the Republic of Ireland, particularly in urban areas like Dublin and Cork. This phenomenon is primarily linked to high levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), often attributed to heavy traffic, industrial emissions, and coal-fired power plants. The term "fumes" evokes the image of polluted air that hangs over cities, causing respiratory problems, cardiovascular issues, and other health concerns for residents. Efforts to address these pollutants include stricter emission standards, investment in public transportation, and initiatives to reduce traffic congestion, but the legacy of industrialization and urban development continues to impact air quality in Ireland.
